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Richard III - Act V, Scene 3 (cont.): Conscience Is a Word Cowards Use

William Shakespeare

Richard III

Act V, Scene 3 (cont.): Conscience Is a Word Cowards Use

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Summary

Act V, Scene 3 (cont.): Conscience Is a Word Cowards Use

Richard III by William Shakespeare

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Morning. The clock strikes. Richard asks: 'Who saw the sun today?' No one. 'Then he disdains to shine... a black day will it be to somebody.' 'The sun will not be seen today, the sky doth frown and lour upon our army.' But Richard dismisses it: 'Not shine today? Why, what is that to me more than to Richmond? For the selfsame heaven that frowns on me, looks sadly upon him.' Norfolk brings a warning note found on his tent: 'Jockey of Norfolk, be not so bold, for Dickon thy master is bought and sold.' Richard: 'A thing devised by the enemy.' Then his most revealing speech: 'Let not our babbling dreams affright our souls. Conscience is a word that cowards use, devised at first to keep the strong in awe. Our strong arms be our conscience, swords our law. March on, join bravely, let us to't pell mell. If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell.' His oration to troops: Calls Richmond's army 'vagabonds, rascals, and runaways... a scum of Brittaines, and base lackey peasants.' Calls Richmond 'a paltry fellow... a milksop, one that never in his life felt so much cold as over shoes in snow.' 'Let's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again.' Stanley's messenger arrives: 'My lord, he doth deny to come.' Richard: 'Off with his son George's head.' Norfolk: 'The enemy is past the marsh. After the battle, let George Stanley die.' Richard: 'A thousand hearts are great within my bosom. Advance our standards, set upon our foes.' Richard has decided: conscience is irrelevant, only power matters. 'If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell.' He's fully committed now. No hesitation, no guilt, no conscience—only the sword. This is Richard at his most honest and most dangerous: he's chosen hell knowingly.

Coming Up in Chapter 23

The night before battle, both leaders prepare for the final confrontation, and Richard faces his conscience.

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Original text
complete·671 words
E

nter the Lords to Richmond sitting in his Tent.

Richm. Good morrow Richmond

Rich. Cry mercy Lords, and watchfull Gentlemen, That you haue tane a tardie sluggard heere? Lords. How haue you slept my Lord? Rich. The sweetest sleepe, And fairest boading Dreames, That euer entred in a drowsie head, Haue I since your departure had my Lords. Me thought their Soules, whose bodies Rich[ard]. murther'd, Came to my Tent, and cried on Victory: I promise you my Heart is very iocond, In the remembrance of so faire a dreame, How farre into the Morning is it Lords? Lor. Vpon the stroke of foure

Rich. Why then 'tis time to Arme, and giue direction.

His Oration to his Souldiers.

1 / 4

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Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Recognizing Legitimate Leadership

Legitimate leaders inspire through vision; manipulators control through fear. This skill helps you distinguish between them.

Practice This Today

Watch for leaders who inspire versus those who manipulate. Vision and inspiration are signs of legitimate leadership.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Fellows in arms, and my most loving friends, Bruised underneath the yoke of tyranny,"

— Richmond

Context: Richmond addressing his troops

Richmond speaks to his troops as equals and friends, not subjects. He recognizes their suffering under tyranny and inspires them with a vision of freedom.

In Today's Words:

My friends and allies, you have suffered under tyranny

"I intend to make this land a paradise, Where every man may live in peace and plenty, Free from the tyranny of Richard's rule."

— Richmond

Context: Richmond's vision for the future

Richmond inspires with a vision of peace and justice, contrasting with Richard's manipulation. Legitimate leaders inspire through vision.

In Today's Words:

I will create a better future where everyone can live in peace and freedom

Thematic Threads

Leadership

In This Chapter

Legitimate leadership emerges

Development

Vision replaces manipulation

In Your Life:

Recognize the difference between leaders who inspire and those who manipulate

Hope

In This Chapter

Richmond offers a vision of peace

Development

Legitimate leaders inspire through vision

In Your Life:

Legitimate leaders inspire through hope and vision, not fear and manipulation

You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    How does Richmond's leadership differ from Richard's? What makes it legitimate?

    analysis • medium

Critical Thinking Exercise

8 minutes

The Leadership Comparison

Compare legitimate leadership with manipulative leadership.

Consider:

  • •What distinguishes legitimate leaders?
  • •How do they differ from manipulators?

Coming Up Next...

Chapter 23: Act V, Scenes 4-5: A Horse, A Horse! & Richmond's Victory

The night before battle, both leaders prepare for the final confrontation, and Richard faces his conscience.

Continue to Chapter 23
Previous
Act V, Scene 3 (cont.): The Ghosts & Richard's Conscience
Contents
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Act V, Scenes 4-5: A Horse, A Horse! & Richmond's Victory

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